Paraquat is an herbicide widely used for weed control in Chile. Its intake determines a high probability of mortality because of its inherent toxicity through the production of free radicals. Multiple organs are affected, mainly the lungs; to this is added the lack of effective treatment. We present the clinical case of an 18-year-old man who in a suicidal attempt swallows 50 mL of paraquat (200 g/L), with a fatal outcome. The clinical presentation depends on the amount of Paraquat ingested. Radiological findings described vary according to the temporality of the condition and could even determine the prognosis

Resumen El Paraquat es un herbicida ampliamente utilizado para el control de las malezas en Chile. Su ingesta determina una alta probabilidad de mortalidad dado su inherente toxicidad mediante la producción de radicales libres, que afectan a múltiples órganos, principalmente los pulmones; a esto se suma la falta de un tratamiento efectivo. Se presenta el caso clínico de un hombre de 18 años que en un intento suicida consume 50 mL de paraquat (200 g/L), con desenlace fatal. La presentación clínica depende la cantidad de Paraquat ingerida y los hallazgos radiológicos descritos varían según la temporalidad del cuadro e, inclusive, podrían determinar el pronóstico.

We analyzed the presence of IgG and IgM anti- Toxoplasma gondii, as a measure of infection, in pregnant women attending seven hospitals in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires during 2006 and 2017. T. gondii seroprevalence in 2006 vs. 2017, was: Hospital Alemán: 22 and 17% (p = 0.004), Hospital Fiorito: 44 and 33% (p < 0.001), Hospital Gandulfo: 30 and 34% (p 0.025), Hospital Grierson 60 and 44% (p < 0.001), Hospital Rivadavia: 59 and 51% (p = 0.003), Hospital Sardá: 47 and 39% (p < 0. 001), and Hospital Thompson: 61 and 51% (p < 0.001). The comparison showed a significant decrease in seroprevalence in six hospitals. We also observed a significant decrease in the reactivity for IgM in 2017 compared to 2006 and in the seroprevalence for T. gondii in the overall population of pregnant women in the study. This means that a greater number of women are susceptible to develop acute infection during pregnancy.

Se analizó; de forma retrospectiva la presencia de anticuerpos só;©ricos IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii en las embarazadas que concurrieron a siete hospitales del ó;�rea Metropolitana de Buenos Aires durante 2006 y 2017. La prevalencia de infecció;n, medida como presencia de anticuerpos, en 2006 vs. 2017, fue: Hospital Alemán: 22 y 17% (p = 0.004), Hospital Fiorito: 44 y 33% (p < 0.001), Hospital Gandulfo: 30 y 34% (p 0.025), Hospital Grierson: 60 y 44% (p < 0.001), Hospital Rivadavia: 59 y 51% (p=0.003), Maternidad Sardá 47 y 39% (p < 0.001) y Hospital Thompson: 61 y 51% (p < 0.001). La comparació;n demostró; una disminució;n estadísticamente significativa de la seroprevalencia en seis hos pitales. Tambín disminuyeron significativamente la reactividad para IgM en 2017 respecto de 2006 y la seroprevalencia para T. gondii en el total de la població;n de embarazadas estudiadas, lo que significa un mayor nó;ºmero de mujeres susceptible de desarrollar infecció;n aguda durante el embarazo.

Abstract: We present the case of a female patient, 69 years old, who reported pulsatile tinnitus since two months ago perceived in the right retroauricular region. We present the findings in image studies, diagnosis and a short review about the topic.

Resumen: Se presenta el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino, de 69 años, que refiere tinnitus pulsátil de dos meses de evolución percibido en la región retroauricular derecha. Se presentan los hallazgos en estudios de imágenes, diagnóstico y se presenta una corta revisión del tema.

Abstract This study evaluated the performance, carcass yield and quality, and physiological stress indicators of broilers of three genetic strains reared at three housing densities for 29 days. A total of 828 day-old male chicks, with average initial weight of 40.0± 2.0g were used. Three genetic strains (Cobb 500, Ross 808, and Ross 508, with 276 birds each) and three housing densities (17, 19, and 21 broilers/m²) were tested. A completely randomized experimental design in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, with four replicates of 23 birds each, was applied. The following responses were evaluated: performance parameters (average weekly body weight, average daily gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio), physiological stress indicators (blood glucose levels, blood cell counts), and carcass yield and quality (dermatosis, bruising, dermatitis, and femoral degeneration scores). Average weekly body weight (BW) and daily weight gain (DWG) were not influenced by rearing density (p≥0.05), but Cobb 500 broilers were the heaviest during the analyzed period. In the second week, Ross 508 birds showed better feed conversion ratio (FCR) when housed at the density of 17 broilers/m² (p≤0.001), whereas the best FCR of Ross 808 and Cobb 500 broilers was obtained at 21 broilers/m² (p≤0.001). Carcass yield was not influenced by the treatments (p≥0.05). Physiological stress indicators were not affected by the treatments, and remained within normal ranges (p≥0.05). Dermatosis scores (scratches) increased (p≤0.05) when housing density increased from 17 to 19 broilers /m².

Cinco saguis-de-rabo-preto, Callithrix (Mico) melanura, foram acompanhados por radiotelemetria como parte do projeto de monitoramento da fauna translocada pelo enchimento do reservatório do rio Manso, Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil (14° 52' S e 55° 48' W). Os animais foram monitorados por até oito meses, entre outubro de 2000 e agosto de 2001. Registrou-se apenas um óbito entre os animais translocados. Os dois casais restantes estabeleceram áreas domiciliares estáveis após algum deslocamento que se poderia chamar exploratório. O tamanho das áreas domiciliares variou entre 0,72 e 4,27 km². A sobreposição das áreas domiciliares de macho e fêmea, em cada casal, foi de 0,59 a 2,30 km², e os deslocamentos dos indivíduos não eram aleatórios, mas sim na mesma direção, indicando que os animais andavam juntos, e não dispersos. Os resultados demonstram ser viável a translocação de Callithrix (Mico) melanura sem comprometer a sobrevivência da maioria dos animais translocados.

Five black-tailed marmoset Callithrix (Mico) melanura (Primates - Callitrichidae) individuals were monitored by radiotelemetry as part of a project on translocated wildlife affected by flooding the Manso River reservoir in the state of Mato Grosso, western Brazil (14° 52' S and 55° 48' W). The animals were monitored for eight months from October 2000 through August 2001. Only one death was recorded among the translocated animals. Two pairs established their home ranges in the new area, after some exploratory behavior. The new home range sizes varied from 0.72 to 4.27 km². The home ranges of male and female overlapped in the case of both pairs by 0.59 to 2.30 km². Trips were always made in pairs and not individually. The results indicate the feasibility of a successful translocation program for this species, as long as the animals are translocated to a similar habitat nearby.

Currently, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is linked to Crohn's disease in humans as a potential etiologic agent. One route of infection to be considered is by the ingestion of contaminated milk. The objective of the present work was to evaluate Map's presence in commercial homogenized and ultrapasteurized milk for human consumption in supermarkets in the city of Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Ninety eight packages of 1 liter of entire, homogenized and ultrapasteurized milk of six commercial brands were sampled. After decontamination by the modified Cornell's method, the samples were cultured in Herrold's medium with and without micobactin. All samples were negative. Possible causes of this result such as the origin of the milk and its probable very low amount of micobacterias, the efficiency of the pasteurization, the processing in the laboratory, among others are here discussed.

Actualmente se vincula al Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis como potencial agente etiológico implicado en la enfermedad de Crohn en humanos. Una de las vías de ingreso sería a través de la ingestión de leche contaminada. El objetivo fue evaluar la presencia de Map en leche comercial homogeneizada y ultrapasteurizada para consumo humano en supermercados de la ciudad de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina. Se muestrearon 98 envases de 1 litro de leche entera homogeneizada y ultrapasteurizada de seis marcas comerciales. Previa descontaminación con el método de Cornell modificado, se sembraron en medio de cultivo Herrold con y sin micobactina. Todas las muestras fueron negativas. Como posibles causas de estos resultados se discuten: el origen de la leche y su probable muy baja carga de micobacterias, la eficacia de la pasteurización, el proceso en el laboratorio, entre otras.

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the repetition of the tuberculine skin test (TST) in cattle infected by Mycobacterium bovis and to determine the evolution of the size and consistency occurring in the caudal fold after the application of PPD. Fourteen naturally infected heifers were used to which the TST was repeated three times in folds in the caudal fold evaluating if the positive reaction remain as well as the physical characteristics of the caudal fold. 92,2% of the animals were positive in three repetitions and decrease in reaction size was observed, along with the successive repetitions. This endorses the national legislation that indicates not to repeat the test in positive animals.

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la repetición de la prueba de intradermorreacción (IDR) en bovinos y comprobar la evolución en el tamaño y consistencia que se producen en el pliegue anocaudal en los días sucesivos a la aplicación del derivado proteico purificado (PPD). Se utilizaron 14 vaquillonas infectadas naturalmente con Mycobacterium bovis a las cuales se les repitió en tres oportunidades la IDR en el pliegue anocaudal analizando como se modificaban diariamente las características físicas del pliegue. El 92.2% de los animales fueron positivos en las tres repeticiones y se observó disminución en el tamaño de la reacción en las sucesivas repeticiones. Esto respalda la legislación nacional que indica no repetir la prueba en un animal positivo.

O Parque Estadual da Ilha Grande é somente uma parte (5.594 hectares) de toda a ilha (19.300 hectares) localizada na costa sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre as cidades de Mangaratiba e Angra dos Reis. Aproximadamente a metade da área do Parque (47%) é coberta por floresta densa, ombrófila, de Mata Atlântica. A mata secundária, em processo de regeneração por sucessão ecológica, está perto da maturidade (43%) e o restante (10%) é composto por áreas antropizadas (1%), afloramentos rochosos com vegetação herbácea (7%), restingas, manguezais e praias (2%). A fauna está bem representada, mas já mostra sinais de degradação com a presença de espécies introduzidas. A análise conduzida sobre o grau de ameaças mostrou que a floresta ombrófila densa está relativamente bem conservada, enquanto a mata secundária, as restingas e mangues e a vegetação herbácea dos terrenos rochosos (e suas respectivas faunas) estão categorizadas como vulneráveis. A área onde há ocupação humana é categorizada como ameaçada. Contraditoriamente, a maior ameaça à biodiversidade local em suas unidades de paisagens é o turismo. Uma vez que a costa onde se localiza a Ilha Grande tem alto valor cênico (conhecida como costa verde pelo constraste entre o mar e o verde da Mata Atlântica que cobre a Serra do Mar), o turismo tem alto potencial para se tornar o meio de atingir a sustentabilidade econômica para conservação. No entanto, por causa do turismo desorganizado e sem controle hoje em prática, com visitantes em número superior à capacidade de suporte na alta estação, a proliferação de hotéis, pousadas e acampamentos e o conseqüente esgoto a céu aberto, depósito de lixo e outras atividades prejudiciais à biodiversidade são as principais ameaças.

The State Park of Ilha Grande is only a part (5,594 hectares) of the entire island (19,300 hectares) which is located off the south coast of Rio de Janeiro state, between the cities of Mangaratiba and Angra dos Reis. Approximately half of the Park area (47%) is covered by dense Atlantic forest. The secondary forest growth is in a process of ecological succession close to attaining maturity (43%) and the remaining part (10%) is composed of human-altered areas (1%), rocky outcrops with herbaceous vegetation (7%), mangroves and beaches (2%). The fauna is well represented but already shows signs of degradation with introduced species. The analysis of the degree of threat has shown that the dense forest habitat has a relatively stable status of conservation while the secondary forest, the mangrove and the herbaceous vegetation on rocky outcrops (and their fauna) are categorized as vulnerable. The area altered by human occupation is considered threatened. Since the coastal area where Ilha Grande is located is well known for its beautiful scenery (known as the green coast, because of the contrast between the ocean and the Atlantic forest covering the Serra do Mar mountain chain). There is a strong possibility for tourism to become the means in which to achieve economic sustainability for conservation. Contradictorily, tourism is also the major threat to local biodiversity and its landscape units. Because tourism is not organized and controlled, during high season the numbers grow above local capacity, giving rise to a proliferation of hotels, guesthouses and camping grounds. The resulting untreated open sewage, random garbage disposal and other harmful activities form the major threats to biodiversity.

Nódulos de tireóide são uma condição clínica comum e em seu diagnóstico diferencial inclui-se o câncer de tireóide. Como o câncer de tireóide é raro, é importante conhecer a prevalência de nódulos de tireóide em grupos fortemente pre-dispostos para dimensionar seu impacto e adequar estratégias diagnósticas. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a prevalência de nódulos de tireóide diagnosticados por ecografia em mulheres na maturidade. MÉTODOS: Entre agosto de 1996 e dezembro de 1997 foram avaliadas, de forma consecutiva, pacientes do sexo feminino com idade de 40 anos ou mais que realizavam ecografia no Serviço de Radiologia do HCPA. Foram excluídas as mulheres encaminhadas para exame de tireóide. As 207 pacientes examinadas tiveram média de idade de 54,7 anos (mediana: 53 anos com mínimo de 40 e máximo de 86 anos). Cento e vinte e três (59,4%) apresentaram tireóide normal e 82 (39,6%) tiveram alguma alteração na glândula. CONCLUSÕES: Alterações nodulares foram encontradas em 73 (35,3%) mulheres, e 35 (16,9%) portavam nódulos tireoidianos com 1 cm ou mais. As mulheres sem nódulos de tireóide eram mais jovens (53,1 ± 10,7 anos) que as que apresentavam nódulos tireoidianos (58,2 ± 10,6 anos), p=0,001 e houve aumento do número de quaisquer nódulos (p=0.001) ou de nódulos maior que 1 cm (p=0.007) com o aumento da idade. Assim sendo, nódulos de tireóide são muito comuns em mulheres com 40 anos ou mais, a sua prevalência aumenta com a idade nesse grupo etário, e eles são potencialmente palpáveis (maiores que 1 cm) em 1 em cada 6 mulheres nesta faixa etária. É importante que tenhamos esses dados em mente quando indicamos avaliação ecográfica da tireóide em mulheres com 40 anos ou mais.

OBJECTIVES: Thyroid nodules constitute a very common clinical problem and the differential diagnosis includes thyroid cancer. As thyroid cancer is rare, it is important to know the prevalence of thyroid nodules in cohorts strongly predisposed to this problem to be able to measure its impact on the health care system, and to devise appropriate diagnostic strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid nodules in women 40 year-old or older by ecography. METHODS: Between August 1996 and December 1997, 207 women, 40 year-old or older, were consecutively evaluated by thyroid ecography in the Radiology Division of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Patients who came to the Division to be submitted to thyroid ecography were excluded. The mean age of patients studied was 54.7 years (median: 53, range: 40-86 years). One hundred and twenty three patients (54.9%) had a normal thyroid and eighty-two had an abnormal gland (39.6%). Thyroid nodules were detected in seventy-three women (35.3%) and these were larger than 1 cm in 35 women (16.9%). Women without thyroid nodules were younger (53.1 ±10.7 years) than women with thyroid nodules (58.2 ±10.6 years) p=0.001; and the prevalence of any thyroid nodule (p=0.001) or nodules larger than 1 cm (p=0.007) increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid nodules are very common in women 40 year-old or older, their prevalence increases with age in this cohort and these nodules are potentially palpable (larger than one cm) in one of six women in this age group It is important to have these data in mind when ordering thyroid ecographic studies in women 40 year-old or older.